Healthy Cleaning Systems Produce Healthy Buildings

Healthy Cleaning Systems

Produce Healthy Buildings

The following information is from some of the leading websites regarding improving Indoor Air Quality and Reducing Environmental Health Risks. Full credit is given to the sources, authors and web sites.

You should become familiar with this information and train your cleaning crews so they become proficient in protecting the work environment of your customers. In turn, you will be able to assure your customers that your company maintains an exemplary position in providing healthy buildings for all of its clients.

Eliminating Cross-Contamination

Cleaners must be vigilant in cleaning and disinfecting public spaces to prevent the spread of influenza. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cleaning professionals should:

1) Disinfect surfaces in high-traffic areas: To reduce the spread of viruses, ensure that high-touch surfaces such as door handles, desks, keyboards and phones are disinfected regularly. Use a true disinfectant, at the proper dilution and dwell time, and increase the cleaning frequencies on high-touch surfaces during the flu season to protect guests and staff against infection.

2) Deep clean restrooms: Whether it’s in a facility or in a food-service setting, the buildup of harmful microorganisms in restrooms can easily transfer to a person’s hands and cause illness. Thoroughly disinfect restroom surfaces, deep clean in all corners and disinfect grout lines, walls, sinks, faucets and toilets.

3) Know the difference between cleaning and disinfecting: Cleaning removes visible soil, dirt, stains and other debris from surface, while disinfecting destroys viruses, bacteria, germs and other harmful microorganisms. Focusing on disinfecting during times of elevated illness transmission is important in controlling the spread of viruses.

4) Encourage the use of pre-moistened wipes in break rooms: Providing pre-moistened wipes in break rooms and other areas of a building reduces the chance of cross-contamination in areas where employees gather each day.

5) Promote clean hands: Encouraging frequent hand washing is the single-most effective method for reducing the spread of the flu among guests and employees. When soap and water are not available, alcohol-based gel sanitizers and pre-moistened hand sanitizing wipes are good options. Pre-moistened wipes also offer the added benefit of removing soil-attracting biofilm from hands.

http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/preventing.htm

EPA Guidelines to Improve Indoor Air Quality

What You Can Do to Improve the Indoor Air in Your Office:

• Do not block air vents or grilles.
• Comply with the office and building smoking policy.
• Water and maintain office plants properly.
• Dispose of garbage promptly and properly.
• Store food properly.
• Avoid bringing products into the building that could release harmful or bothersome odors or contaminants.
• Notify your building or facility manager immediately if you suspect an indoor air quality problem.

If You Manage an Office:

• Maintain a good working relationship with building management on indoor environmental issues.
• Place office furniture and equipment with air circulation, temperature control, and pollutant removal functions of the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system in mind.
• Coordinate with building management in instances when responsibility for design, operation, and maintenance of the ventilation system is shared.
• Establish an effective smoking policy that protects nonsmokers from involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke.
• Avoid procedures and products that can cause indoor air quality problems.
• Integrate indoor air quality concerns into your purchasing decisions.
• Work with the building manager to ensure use of only necessary and appropriate pest control practices, and nonchemical methods where possible.
• Work with building management and the contractor before you remodel or renovate to identify ways of keeping building occupant exposure to pollutants to a minimum and to ensure that the air distribution system is not disrupted.

Encourage building management to develop a preventive indoor air quality management program following guidance issued by EPA and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

About This Guide

This guide is intended to help people who work in office buildings learn about the factors that contribute to indoor air quality and comfort problems and the roles of building managers and occupants in maintaining a good indoor environment. Because good indoor air quality depends on the actions of everyone in the building, a partnership between building management and occupants is the best way to maintain a healthy and productive work space.

Relationships and procedures between management and occupants will vary from building to building. Some buildings are occupied entirely by the employees of the building owner, and in most of these buildings, the responsibility for indoor air quality management may be handled by a central department or office. In other buildings, where one or more building occupants rent space under separate leases, building management may have limited control over the day-to-day activities in the leased space. Likewise, the occupants of such buildings may have little control over central building services such as heating and cooling, elevator services, housekeeping, and waste and pest management. For these reasons, occupants and management in leased space buildings will need to closely coordinate their indoor environmental management strategies.

Why is Indoor Air Quality Important?

Indoor air quality is a major concern to businesses, building managers, tenants, and employees because it can impact the health, comfort, well-being, and productivity of building occupants.

Most Americans spend up to 90% of their time indoors and many spend most of their working hours in an office environment. Studies conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and others show that indoor environments sometimes can have levels of pollutants that are actually higher than levels found outside.

Pollutants in our indoor environment can increase the risk of illness. Several studies by EPA, states, and independent scientific panels have consistently ranked indoor air pollution as an important environmental health problem. While most buildings do not have severe indoor air quality problems, even well-run buildings can sometimes experience episodes of poor indoor air quality.

A 1989 EPA Report to Congress concluded that improved indoor air quality can result in higher productivity and fewer lost work days. EPA estimates that poor indoor air may cost the nation tens of billions of dollars each year in lost productivity and medical care.

Factors that Contribute to Indoor Air Quality

Indoor air quality is not a simple, easily defined concept like a desk or a leaky faucet. It is a constantly changing interaction of complex factors that affect the types, levels, and importance of pollutants in indoor environments. These factors include: sources of pollutants or odors; design, maintenance and operation of building ventilation systems; moisture and humidity; and occupant perceptions and susceptibilities. In addition, there are many other factors that affect comfort or perception of indoor air quality.

Controlling indoor air quality involves integrating three main strategies. First, manage the sources of pollutants either by removing them from the building or isolating them from people through physical barriers, air pressure relationships, or by controlling the timing of their use. Second, dilute pollutants and remove them from the building through ventilation. Third, use filtration to clean the air of pollutants.

Management of Pollutant Sources, both Inside and Outside the Building

Pollutants can be generated by outdoor or indoor sources, including building maintenance activities, pest control, housekeeping, renovation or remodeling, new furnishings or finishes, and building occupant activities.

One important goal of an indoor air quality program is to minimize people’s exposure to pollutants from these sources. Some of the key pollutant categories include:

Biological contaminants. Excessive concentrations of bacteria, viruses, fungi (including molds), dust mite allergen, animal dander, and pollen may result from inadequate maintenance and housekeeping, water spills, inadequate humidity control, condensation, or may be brought into the building by occupants, infiltration, or ventilation air. Allergic responses to indoor biological pollutant exposures cause symptoms in allergic individuals and also play a key role in triggering asthma episodes for an estimated 15 million Americans.

Chemical pollutants. Sources of chemical pollutants include tobacco smoke, emissions from products used in the building (e.g., office equipment; furniture, wall and floor coverings; and cleaning and consumer products) accidental spill of chemicals, and gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, which are products of combustion.

Particles. Particles are solid or liquid substances which are light enough to be suspended in the air, the largest of which may be visible in sunbeams streaming into a room. However, smaller particles that you cannot see are likely to be more harmful to health. Particles of dust, dirt, or other substances may be drawn into the building from outside and can also be produced by activities that occur in buildings, like sanding wood or drywall, printing, copying, operating equipment, and smoking.

Type of Pollutant

Many different factors influence how indoor air pollutants impact occupants. Some pollutants, like radon, are of concern because exposure to high levels of the pollutant over long periods of time increases risk of serious, life threatening illnesses, such as lung cancer. Other contaminants, such as carbon monoxide at very high levels, can cause death within minutes. Some pollutants can cause both short and long term health problems. Prolonged exposure to environmental tobacco smoke can cause lung cancer, and short term exposures can result in irritation and significant respiratory problems for some people, particularly young children.

People can react very differently when exposed to the same contaminants at similar concentrations. For example, some people can develop severe allergic reactions to biological contaminants to which other people will not react. Similarly, exposure to very low levels of chemicals may be irritating to some people but not others. For people with asthma and other pre-existing conditions, exposure to irritants like environmental tobacco smoke or gases or particles from various indoor sources may cause more severe reactions than the same exposure would in others.

Moisture and Humidity

It is important to control moisture and relative humidity in occupied spaces. The presence of moisture and dirt can cause molds and other biological contaminants to thrive. Relative humidity levels that are too high can contribute to the growth and spread of unhealthy biological pollutants, as can failure to dry water-damaged materials promptly (usually within 24 hours) or to properly maintain equipment with water reservoirs or drain pans (e.g., humidifiers, refrigerators, and ventilation equipment). Humidity levels that are too low, however, may contribute to irritated mucous membranes, dry eyes, and sinus discomfort.

Factors that Affect Occupant Comfort and Productivity

Besides the factors that directly impact the levels of pollutants to which people are exposed, a number of environmental and personal factors can affect how people perceive air quality. Some of these factors affect both the levels of pollutants and perceptions of air quality.

• Odors
• Temperature — too hot or cold
• Air velocity and movement — too drafty or stuffy
• Heat or glare from sunlight
• Glare from ceiling lights, especially on monitor screens
• Furniture crowding
• Stress in the workplace or home
• Feelings about physical aspects of the workplace: location, work environment, availability of natural light, and the aesthetics of office design, such as color and style.
• Work space ergonomics, including height and location of computer, and adjustability of keyboards and desk chairs
• Noise and vibration levels
• Selection, location, and use of office equipment

EPA information on Mold from http://www.epa.gov/mold/

DISCLAIMER: The documents on this server contain hypertext pointers ( ) to information created and maintained by other public and private organizations. Please be aware that we do not control or guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness, or completeness of this outside information. Further, the inclusion of pointers to particular items in hypertext is not intended to reflect their importance, nor is it intended to endorse any views expressed or products or services offered by the author of the reference or the organization operating the server on which the reference is maintained.

Introduction to Molds

Molds produce tiny spores to reproduce. Mold spores waft through the indoor and outdoor air continually. When mold spores land on a damp spot indoors, they may begin growing and digesting whatever they are growing on in order to survive. There are molds that can grow on wood, paper, carpet, and foods.  When excessive moisture or water accumulates indoors, mold growth will often occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or un-addressed. There is no practical way to eliminate all mold and mold spores in the indoor environment; the way to control indoor mold growth is to control moisture.

Basic Mold Cleanup

The key to mold control is moisture control. It is important to dry water damaged areas and items within 24-48 hours to prevent mold growth. If mold is a problem in your home, clean up the mold and get rid of the excess water or moisture. Fix leaky plumbing or other sources of water. Wash mold off hard surfaces with detergent and water, and dry completely. Absorbent materials (such as ceiling tiles & carpet) that become moldy may have to be replaced.

Ten Things You Should Know About Mold

1. Potential health effects and symptoms associated with mold exposures include allergic reactions, asthma, and other respiratory complaints.
2. There is no practical way to eliminate all mold and mold spores in the indoor environment; the way to control indoor mold growth is to control moisture.
3. If mold is a problem in your home or school, you must clean up the mold and eliminate sources of moisture.
4. Fix the source of the water problem or leak to prevent mold growth.
5. Reduce indoor humidity (to 30-60% ) to decrease mold growth by: venting bathrooms, dryers, and other moisture-generating sources to the outside; using air conditioners and de-humidifiers; increasing ventilation; and using exhaust fans whenever cooking, dishwashing, and cleaning.
6. Clean and dry any damp or wet building materials and furnishings within 24-48 hours to prevent mold growth.
7. Clean mold off hard surfaces with water and detergent, and dry completely. Absorbent materials such as ceiling tiles, that are moldy, may need to be replaced.
8. Prevent condensation: Reduce the potential for condensation on cold surfaces (i.e., windows, piping, exterior walls, roof, or floors) by adding insulation.
9. In areas where there is a perpetual moisture problem, do not install carpeting (i.e., by drinking fountains, by classroom sinks, or on concrete floors with leaks or frequent condensation).
10. Molds can be found almost anywhere; they can grow on virtually any substance, providing moisture is present. There are molds that can grow on wood, paper, carpet, and foods.

If you have IAQ and mold issues in a school setting, you should get a copy of the IAQ Tools for Schools Kit.  Mold is covered in the IAQ Coordinator’s Guide under Appendix H – Mold and Moisture.

How to Identify the Cause of a Mold and Mildew Problem

Mold and mildew are commonly found on the exterior wall surfaces of corner rooms in heating climate locations.  An exposed corner room is likely to be significantly colder than adjoining rooms, so that it has a higher relative humidity (RH) than other rooms at the same water vapor pressure.  If mold and mildew growth are found in a corner room, then relative humidity next to the room surfaces is above 70%.  However, is the RH above 70% at the surfaces because the room is too cold or because there is too much moisture present (high water vapor pressure)?

The amount of moisture in the room can be estimated by measuring both temperature and RH at the same location and at the same time.  Suppose there are two cases.  In the first case, assume that the RH is 30% and the temperature is 70^oF in the middle of the room.  The low RH at that temperature indicates that the water vapor pressure (or absolute humidity) is low.  The high surface RH is probably due to room surfaces that are “too cold.”  Temperature is the dominating factor, and control strategies should involve increasing the temperature at cold room surfaces.

In the second case, assume that the RH is 50% and the temperature is 70^oF in the middle of the room.  The higher RH at that temperature indicates that the water vapor pressure is high and there is a relatively large amount of moisture in the air.  The high surface RH is probably due to air that is “too moist.”  Humidity is the dominating factor, and control strategies should involve decreasing the moisture content of the indoor air.

Should You Have the Air Ducts in Your Home Cleaned? – excerpt on duct cleaning and mold follows, please review the entire document for additional information on duct cleaning and mold.

You should consider having the air ducts in your home cleaned if:

There is substantial visible mold growth inside hard surface (e.g., sheet metal) ducts or on other components of your heating and cooling system. There are several important points to understand concerning mold detection in heating and cooling systems:

• Many sections of your heating and cooling system may not be accessible for a visible inspection, so ask the service provider to show you any mold they say exists.
• You should be aware that although a substance may look like mold, a positive determination of whether it is mold or not can be made only by an expert and may require laboratory analysis for final confirmation.  For about $50, some microbiology laboratories can tell you whether a sample sent to them on a clear strip of sticky household tape is mold or simply a substance that resembles it.
• If you have insulated air ducts and the insulation gets wet or moldy it cannot be effectively cleaned and should be removed and replaced.
• If the conditions causing the mold growth in the first place are not corrected, mold growth will recur.

How to Identify the Cause of a Mold and Mildew Problem.

Mold and mildew are commonly found on the exterior wall surfaces of corner rooms in heating climate locations.  An exposed corner room is likely to be significantly colder than adjoining rooms, so that it has a higher relative humidity (RH) than other rooms at the same water vapor pressure.  If mold and mildew growth are found in a corner room, then relative humidity next to the room surfaces is above 70%.  However, is the RH above 70% at the surfaces because the room is too cold or because there is too much moisture present (high water vapor pressure)?

The amount of moisture in the room can be estimated by measuring both temperature and RH at the same location and at the same time.  Suppose there are two cases.  In the first case, assume that the RH is 30% and the temperature is 70^oF in the middle of the room.  The low RH at that temperature indicates that the water vapor pressure (or absolute humidity) is low.  The high surface RH is probably due to room surfaces that are “too cold.”  Temperature is the dominating factor, and control strategies should involve increasing the temperature at cold room surfaces.

In the second case, assume that the RH is 50% and the temperature is 70^oF in the middle of the room.  The higher RH at that temperature indicates that the water vapor pressure is high and there is a relatively large amount of moisture in the air.  The high surface RH is probably due to air that is “too moist.”  Humidity is the dominating factor, and control strategies should involve decreasing the moisture content of the indoor air.

Resources:

See www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/ibeam_page.htm

See also “Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers” and the “Building Air Quality Action Plan”

Excerpt from the Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers, Appendix C – Moisture, Mold and Mildew:

epa.gov/iaq/schools.

Managing Asthma in the School Environment (epa.gov/iaq/schools/asthma)

Excerpt from IAQ Tools for Schools kit companion piece, Managing Asthma in the School Environment: 

Suggestions for Reducing Mold Growth in Buildings

Reduce Indoor Humidity:

• Vent showers and other moisture-generating sources to the outside.
• Control humidity levels and dampness by using air conditioners and de-humidifiers.
• Provide adequate ventilation to maintain indoor humidity levels between 30-60%.
• Use exhaust fans whenever cooking, dishwashing, and cleaning in food service areas.

Inspect the building for signs of mold, moisture, leaks, or spills:

• Check for moldy odors.
• Look for water stains or discoloration on the ceiling, walls, floors, and window sills.
• Look around and under sinks for standing water, water stains, or mold.
• Inspect bathrooms for standing water, water stains, or mold.
• Do not let water stand in air conditioning or refrigerator drip pans.

Respond promptly when you see signs of moisture and/or mold, or when leaks or spills occur:

• Clean and dry any damp or wet building materials and furnishings within 24-48 hours of occurrence to prevent mold growth.
• Fix the source of the water problem or leak to prevent mold growth.
• Clean mold off hard surfaces with water and detergent, and dry completely.
• Absorbent materials such as ceiling tiles, that are moldy, may need to be replaced.
• Check the mechanical room and roof for unsanitary conditions, leaks, or spills.

Prevent moisture condensation:

• Reduce the potential for condensation on cold surfaces (i.e., windows, piping, exterior walls, roof, or floors) by adding insulation.

Floor and carpet cleaning:

• Remove spots and stains immediately, using the flooring manufacturer’s recommended techniques.
• Use care to prevent excess moisture or cleaning residue accumulation and ensure that cleaned areas are dried quickly.
• In areas where there is a perpetual moisture problem, do not install carpeting (i.e., by drinking fountains, by classroom sinks, or on concrete floors with leaks or frequent condensation).

Sources of Indoor Air Pollution – Organic Gases

(Volatile Organic Compounds – VOCs) from http://www.epa.gov/iaq/voc.html

Volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short- and long-term adverse health effects. Concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times higher) than outdoors.  VOCs are emitted by a wide array of products numbering in the thousands. Examples include: paints and lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, pesticides, building materials and furnishings, office equipment such as copiers and printers, correction fluids and carbonless copy paper, graphics and craft materials including glues and adhesives, permanent markers, and photographic solutions. Organic chemicals are widely used as ingredients in household products. Paints, varnishes, and wax all contain organic solvents, as do many cleaning, disinfecting, cosmetic, degreasing, and hobby products. Fuels are made up of organic chemicals. All of these products can release organic compounds while you are using them, and, to some degree, when they are stored. EPA’s Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) studies found levels of about a dozen common organic pollutants to be 2 to 5 times higher inside homes than outside, regardless of whether the homes were located in rural or highly industrial areas. Additional TEAM studies indicate that while people are using products containing organic chemicals, they can expose themselves and others to very high pollutant levels, and elevated concentrations can persist in the air long after the activity is completed. Contents Sources Health Effects Levels in Homes Steps to Reduce Exposure Standards or Guidelines Additional Resources Sources Household products including: paints, paint strippers, and other solvents; wood preservatives; aerosol sprays; cleansers and disinfectants; moth repellents and air fresheners; stored fuels and automotive products; hobby supplies; dry-cleaned clothing. Health Effects Eye, nose, and throat irritation; headaches, loss of coordination, nausea; damage to liver, kidney, and central nervous system. Some organics can cause cancer in animals; some are suspected or known to cause cancer in humans.  Key signs or symptoms associated with exposure to VOCs include conjunctival irritation, nose and throat discomfort, headache, allergic skin reaction, dyspnea, declines in serum cholinesterase levels, nausea, emesis, epistaxis, fatigue, dizziness. The ability of organic chemicals to cause health effects varies greatly from those that are highly toxic, to those with no known health effect. As with other pollutants, the extent and nature of the health effect will depend on many factors including level of exposure and length of time exposed. Eye and respiratory tract irritation, headaches, dizziness, visual disorders, and memory impairment are among the immediate symptoms that some people have experienced soon after exposure to some organics. At present, not much is known about what health effects occur from the levels of organics usually found in homes. Many organic compounds are known to cause cancer in animals; some are suspected of causing, or are known to cause, cancer in humans.

Sources of Indoor Air Pollution Asbestos Biological Pollutants Carbon Monoxide Formaldehyde/Pressed Wood Products Household Cleaning and Maintenance, Personal Care, or Hobbies Lead Nitrogen Dioxide Pesticides Radon Respirable Particles Secondhand Smoke/Environmental Tobacco Smoke Stoves, Heaters, Fireplaces, and Chimneys Read “The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality” [EPA 402-K-93-007, April 1995]

Steps to Reduce Exposure Increase ventilation when using products that emit VOCs. Meet or exceed any label precautions. Do not store opened containers of unused paints and similar materials within the school. Formaldehyde, one of the best known VOCs, is one of the few indoor air pollutants that can be readily measured. Identify, and if possible, remove the source. If not possible to remove, reduce exposure by using a sealant on all exposed surfaces of paneling and other furnishings. Use integrated pest management techniques to reduce the need for pesticides. Use household products according to manufacturer’s directions. Make sure you provide plenty of fresh air when using these products. Throw away unused or little-used containers safely; buy in quantities that you will use soon. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Never mix household care products unless directed on the label. Follow label instructions carefully. Potentially hazardous products often have warnings aimed at reducing exposure of the user. For example, if a label says to use the product in a well-ventilated area, go outdoors or in areas equipped with an exhaust fan to use it. Otherwise, open up windows to provide the maximum amount of outdoor air possible. Throw away partially full containers of old or unneeded chemicals safely. Because gases can leak even from closed containers, this single step could help lower concentrations of organic chemicals in your home. (Be sure that materials you decide to keep are stored not only in a well-ventilated area but are also safely out of reach of children.) Do not simply toss these unwanted products in the garbage can. Find out if your local government or any organization in your community sponsors special days for the collection of toxic household wastes. If such days are available, use them to dispose of the unwanted containers safely. If no such collection days are available, think about organizing one. Buy limited quantities. If you use products only occasionally or seasonally, such as paints, paint strippers, and kerosene for space heaters or gasoline for lawn mowers, buy only as much as you will use right away. Keep exposure to emissions from products containing methylene chloride to a minimum. Consumer products that contain methylene chloride include paint strippers, adhesive removers, and aerosol spray paints. Methylene chloride is known to cause cancer in animals. Also, methylene chloride is converted to carbon monoxide in the body and can cause symptoms associated with exposure to carbon monoxide. Carefully read the labels containing health hazard information and cautions on the proper use of these products. Use products that contain methylene chloride outdoors when possible; use indoors only if the area is well ventilated. Keep exposure to benzene to a minimum. Benzene is a known human carcinogen. The main indoor sources of this chemical are environmental tobacco smoke, stored fuels and paint supplies, and automobile emissions in attached garages. Actions that will reduce benzene exposure include eliminating smoking within the home, providing for maximum ventilation during painting, and discarding paint supplies and special fuels that will not be used immediately. Additional Resources Indoor Air Fact Sheet No. 4 (revised) – Sick Building Syndrome Explains the term “sick building syndrome” (SBS) and “building related illness” (BRI). Discusses causes of sick building syndrome, describes building investigation procedures, and provides general solutions for resolving the syndrome. [EPA 402-F-94-004, April 1991]

Certifying Better Vacuums to Clean Your Carpet —

and Protect Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

from Carpet and Rug Institute Website www.carpet-rug.org/

High performance vacuum cleaners have a significant impact on improved indoor air quality (IAQ). At the same time, vacuums that effectively remove and contain soil while keeping the carpet looking good will help carpets last longer. So, ultimately, better performing vacuums provide a greater return on your investment and ensure a healthier indoor environment. Recognizing the need to identify superior cleaning equipment, CRI introduced its Green Label Testing Program for vacuum cleaners in 2000. This program tests two general categories of vacuums: a) general purpose vacuums approved for use on all conventional carpet styles; and b) vacuums specifically approved for use on carpet with a low pile, or surface texture, measuring approximately 1/4 inch or less. To qualify for the Green Label, these vacuums must go through a stringent testing process that measures three key performance factors: Soil Removal — The vacuum must remove a set quantity of soil from carpet in four passes Dust Containment — The vacuum must not release more than 100 micrograms of dust particles per cubic meter of air. This protocol evaluates the total amount of dust particles released by the brush rolls, through the filtration bag and via any air leaks from the system, and is more stringent than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards Carpet Appearance Retention — The vacuum should not affect the appearance of the carpet more than a one-step change based on one year of normal vacuum use Vacuums meeting the above protocols, which have been peer reviewed by scientists, can display the CRI Green Label on packaging, merchandising displays and on the machine itself. Since the launch of this test in 2000, CRI has certified more than one hundred machines in the following categories: backpacks, canisters, central systems, and uprights. Ultimately, proper carpet maintenance is assured and made significantly easier with high quality machines that are CRI Green Label-certified. This important testing program has raised the bar for all vacuum cleaners on the market, resulting in cleaner, longer-lasting carpet and improved IAQ.

A Clean Sweep Safer, Effective, and Affordable Commercial Cleaning Chemicals Are Readily Available from: http://www.ncea.org/departments/nabccce/services/cleaningproducts.asp

Cleaning can be a dirty business. One out of every three commercial cleaning chemicals is known to cause human health or environmental problems.¹ Traditional cleaning chemicals can cause serious health problems for students, teachers, administrators, patients, parishioners, and janitorial workers. They also contribute to air and water pollution. As a result, the way the Catholic Church cleans and maintains the 80,000 buildings it owns in the United States can have a significant impact on human health and the environment.

Luckily, safer “green” cleaning products are commercially available. They work just as well or better than the traditional products. They do not cost any more. They are also readily available and easy to locate.

Some Traditional Cleaners are Hazardous

Traditional cleaning products can contain harmful chemicals that can cause cancer, reproductive disorders, major organ damage, and permanent eye damage. Other common health problems associated with cleaning chemicals include asthma and other respiratory ailments, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue.²

Furthermore, cleaning chemicals are washed down the drain and find their way into drinking water, lakes, and streams, adversely affecting plant and animal life and threatening public health.³ Cleaning products are also responsible for approximately eight percent of total non-vehicular emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can trigger respiratory problems such as asthma, contribute to smog formation, and inhibit plant growth.⁴

Those who spend much of their time indoors, like students, patients, and office workers, are particularly susceptible to health problems caused by cleaning products. The three million janitors who keep the country’s buildings clean also experience unnecessarily high injury rates with 6 out of every 100 injured because of the chemicals they are using.⁵

Switching to safer cleaners can significantly increase indoor air quality, reduce cleaning-related health problems and absenteeism, and increase productivity and morale.⁶ Green cleaners also can reduce negative environmental effects. Santa Monica, a small resort community in Southern California, for example, eliminated 3,200 pounds of hazardous materials by replacing traditional cleaning products with safer alternatives.⁷

While reducing hazardous materials is important for environmental reasons, some facilities are reducing use of such materials for more immediate security reasons. Some traditional cleaning chemicals are flammable and, when mixed, can produce deadly gases.

Safer Cleaners are Affordable and Effective

Switching to safer cleaning chemicals is a sound financial decision even for businesses that might not ordinarily worry about building occupant and employee health. In most cases, green cleaning products do not cost more than traditional cleaners. Many organizations have discovered significant cost savings by switching from traditional cleaners to green cleaners. Santa Monica, for example, documented a 5% price savings after its switch to safer cleaners.⁸ Other organizations, including the Chicago Public School System and the states of Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Vermont also report that safer cleaners are cost competitive.

Using green cleaning chemicals can actually produce additional savings when other benefits are taken into account. For example, using safer cleaning products, in addition to better ventilation and cleaning, could improve worker productivity by between 0.5% and 5%—an annual productivity gain of $30 billion to $150 billion.⁹ Similar improvements in student performance are being studied. Switching to safer cleaners can also help reduce the more than $75 million a year U.S. institutions spend on medical expenses and lost time wages for janitors due to chemical-related injuries.¹⁰

Safer cleaners also match or exceed their traditional counterparts when it comes to performance. In numerous independent laboratory tests conducted on behalf of a group of large purchasers, all of the safer products bought by the group work as well or better than traditional cleaners. Santa Monica, the Chicago Public School System, and others have repeated these results in controlled on-site evaluations. Products certified by Green Seal, a U.S. standard setting and environmental labeling organization, are required to pass stringent performance standards in addition to strict environmental and human health criteria.¹¹

How to Find Safer Cleaners

Given the health, environmental, and financial benefits of safer cleaning products, every facility should be using them. Until recently, it could be difficult to identify the safer products. Thanks to consensus-based criteria developed by a national work group of institutional purchasers representing more than $15 million in annual cleaning product purchases, finding green cleaning products is easier than ever.

The work group, which was coordinated by the Center for a New American Dream and funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, included some of the early pioneers who first attempted to define and purchase safer cleaning products, including: Massachusetts; Santa Monica, California; King County, Washington; Minnesota; and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The work group set out to identify standards that address toxicity; carcinogens and reproductive toxins; skin and eye irritation; skin sensitization; combustibility; smog, ozone, and indoor air quality; aquatic toxicity; eutrophication; aquatic biodegradability; concentrates; fragrances; and prohibited chemicals.

The work group examined many existing standards and considered developing its own before deciding that Green Seal’s standard for environmentally preferable institutional cleaners (GS-37) met their needs. Because at the time Green Seal’s standard only covered general-purpose, bathroom, and glass cleaners, the work group extrapolated GS-37 to cover additional cleaners such as carpet cleaners, disinfectants, floor care, and hand soaps. Green Seal is currently expanding its standard to include many of these additional products, which will make it even easier for facilities to find them.

Review Safety Claims Carefully

Many green cleaning advocates believe the products listed on the center’s Web site (www.newdream.org/clean), which includes those certified by Green Seal (www.greenseal.org), are the most reliable products known to meet standards that adequately protect human health and the environment.

Purchasers might find other labels or claims on products. Be aware of clever advertising. If someone recommends a “certified” product that is not listed on the center’s Web site or is not certified by Green Seal, use the following questions to determine the validity of the claim:

• Ask for a copy of the standard they are using. Does the meaning of the standard appear clear, consistent, and thorough? Does it clearly identify specific human health and environmental concerns? Does it specify detailed testing protocols to be used to determine the safety of the products being certified? How does it compare with other reputable standards?
• Ask about the standard setting process. Was the standard developed by an independent third-party or by the company? Who paid to have the standard developed? How many organizations were involved in its development? Was the public invited to participate and comment throughout the standard development process? Are copies of all stakeholder comments along with the standard-setting organization’s response to those comments publicly available?
• Ask about the verification process. What process must companies use to prove their products meet the standard? Are companies allowed to self-certify their products or are they required to use an independent third party to determine if the products meet the standard? Does the verification process include just a cursory review of product information or does it require an on-site visit by the certifying organization?

It is a rare opportunity when it is possible to simultaneously remain fiscally responsible; protect the health of students, patients, parishioners, and employees; and fulfill a moral obligation to preserve the environment. Switching to safer cleaning chemicals provides just such an opportunity. The safer products are better for human health and the environment. They work just as effectively as traditional products and they do not cost any more. Doing the right thing has never been so easy or so rewarding.

Scot Case
Center for a New American Dream
Reading, Pennsylvania
www.newdream.org

Resources:

• The American Medical Association encourages parents of asthmatics and of children with severe allergies to ask about the cleaning chemicals used in their child’s school.
• For a list of commercially available green cleaners visit www.newdream.org/clean or www.greenseal.org.

Health Conditions Associated with Traditional Cleaning Chemicals

• Cancer
• Reproductive disorders
• Major organ damage
• Permanent eye damage
• Burns
• Asthma and other respiratory ailments
• Headaches
• Eye, nose, throat, and skin irritation
• Dizziness
• Fatigue

For More Information

The Center for a New American Dream’s Institutional Purchasing Program helps organizations incorporate environmental and human health considerations into purchasing decisions. The Institutional Purchasing Program promotes environmentally preferable purchasing through its outreach, trainings and presentations, conference calls, Web site, and media and communications efforts.

The Center will soon be launching a campaign to encourage schools to switch to safer cleaning chemicals. To learn more, visit www.newdream.org/procure or contact Scot Case, Director of Procurement Strategies, at scot@newdream.org or (610) 373-7703.

Resources:

1. Janitorial Products Pollution Prevention Program. Cleaning Chemical Injuries Fact Sheet. Available at www.wrppn.org/Janitorial/Be%20Healthy%200.pdf.

2. Culver, Alicia et al. “Cleaning for Health: Products and Practices for a Safer Indoor Environment.” INFORM, Inc.: 2002; U.S. EPA. “Targeting Indoor Air Pollution: EPA’s Approach and Progress.” March 1993. Available online at www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/targetng.html.

3. U.S. EPA. “Greening You Purchase of Cleaning Products.” May 2003. Available online at www.epa.gov/oppt/epp/documents/clean/cleaning1.htm.

4. U.S. EPA “Green Cleaning Products Outshine the Competition.” EPP Update. April 2000. Available online at www.epa.gov/oppt/epp/pubs/update6.pdf.

5. Culver, Alicia et al. “Cleaning for Health: Products and Practices for a Safer Indoor Environment.” INFORM, Inc.: 2002.

6. William Fisk and Arthur Rosenfeld, “Improved Productivity and Health from Better Indoor Environments,” Center for Building Science Newsletter (now the Environmental Energy Technologies Newsletter), Lawrence Berkeley Labs, Summer 1997, 5, http://eetd.lbl.gov/cbs/newsletter/NL15/productivity.html; EPP Update. April 2000. Available online at www.epa.gov/oppt/epp/pubs/update6.pdf.

7. U.S. EPA. “The City of Santa Monica’s Environmental Purchasing: A Case Study.” March 1998. Available online at www.pestinfo.ca/documents/santamonica.pdf; U.S. EPA “Green Cleaning Products Outshine the Competition.” EPP Update. April 2000. Available online at www.epa.gov/oppt/epp/pubs/update6.pdf

8. U.S. EPA. “The City of Santa Monica’s Environmental Purchasing: A Case Study.” March 1998. Available online at www.pestinfo.ca/documents/santamonica.pdf; U.S. EPA “Green Cleaning Products Outshine the Competition.” EPP Update. April 2000. Available online at www.epa.gov/oppt/epp/pubs/update6.pdf

9. William Fisk and Arthur Rosenfeld, “Improved Productivity and Health from Better Indoor Environments,” Center for Building Science Newsletter (now the Environmental Energy Technologies Newsletter), Lawrence Berkeley Labs, Summer 1997, 5, http://eetd.lbl.gov/cbs/newsletter/NL15/productivity.html.

10. Janitorial Products Pollution Prevention Project. “How to Select and Use Safe Janitorial Chemicals.” U.S. EPA Region X, California EPA, And County of Santa Clara: December 1999. Available online at www.wrppn.org/Janitorial/05%20Report.pdf

11. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Request for Response for Environmentally Preferable Cleaning Products (RFR #GR016). Awarded April 2003. Available online at www.newdream.org/procure/products/MassRFP.pdf

From Issue-Gram, Vol. 14, No. 4, Fall 2004
Copyright NCEA

Purchasers Buy Safer, Effective, and Affordable Commercial Cleaning Chemicals

Purchasers across the country are carefully examining the cleaning products they buy because cleaning can be a very dirty business. One out of every three commercial cleaning chemical products contains ingredients known to cause human health or environmental problems. The institutional cleaning industry alone uses five billion pounds of chemicals a year, many of which can cause serious health problems for office workers, students and teachers, patients and healthcare professionals, other building occupants, and janitorial workers. These chemicals also contribute to air and water pollution. Luckily, as many government purchasers have discovered, safer “green” cleaning products are commercially available. They work just as well or better than traditional products. They do not cost any more. They are also readily available and easy to locate. As a result, purchasers are taking steps to protect their health, the health of their coworkers, and the environment. They are specifying green cleaners whether they are buying the products directly or as part of a broader janitorial services or facilities maintenance contract. One out of three cleaning chemical products contains ingredients known to cause human health or environmental problems. Many Traditional Cleaners are Hazardous Public-and private-sector purchasers now recognize that traditional cleaning products can contain harmful chemicals that can cause cancer, reproductive disorders, major organ damage, and permanent eye damage. Other common health problems associated with cleaning chemicals include asthma and other respiratory ailments, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. Cleaning chemicals are also routinely washed down the drain where they find their way into drinking water, lakes, and streams, adversely affecting plant and animal life and threatening public health. In addition, cleaning products are responsible for approximately eight percent of total non-vehicular emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can trigger respiratory problems such as asthma, contribute to smog formation, and inhibit plant growth. Those who spend much of their time indoors—office workers, students, and healthcare patients—are particularly susceptible to health problems caused by cleaning chemicals. The three million janitors who keep the country’s buildings clean also experience unnecessarily high injury rates with six out of every 100 injured because of the chemicals they are using. Switching to safer cleaners can significantly increase indoor air quality, reduce cleaning-related health problems and absenteeism and increase productivity and morale. Green cleaners can also reduce negative environmental effects. Santa Monica, a small resort community in Southern California, for example, eliminated 3,200 of hazardous materials by replacing traditional cleaning products with safer alternatives. While reducing hazardous materials is important for environmental reasons, some facilities are reducing use of such materials for more immediate security reasons. Some traditional cleaning chemicals are flammable and, when mixed, can produce deadly gases. Avoiding such products eliminates a possible safety threat. Safer Cleaners are Affordable and Effective Many government purchasers have learned that switching to safer cleaning chemicals is a smart financial decision. In most cases, green cleaning products do not cost any more than traditional cleaners. Some governments have even discovered significant cost savings by switching from traditional cleaners to green cleaners. Santa Monica documented a five percent price savings after its switch to safer cleaners. Other public purchasers, including the U.S. Department of Interior (including several National Parks); the Chicago Public School System; Seattle, WA; the States of Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Vermont; as well as Sarasota County, FL, and Alameda County, CA, also report that safer cleaners are cost competitive. Using green cleaning chemicals can actually produce additional savings when other benefits are taken into account. According to one study cited by government purchasers, using safer cleaning products, in addition to better ventilation and cleaning, could improve worker productivity by between 0.5 percent and five percent—an annual productivity gain of $30 billion to $150 billion. Others are hopeful switching to safer cleaners will help reduce the more than $75 million a year U.S. institutions spend on medical expenses and lost time wages for janitors due to chemical-related injuries. End users report that the safer cleaners also match or exceed their traditional counterparts when it comes to performance. In numerous independent laboratory tests conducted on behalf of a group of large purchasers, all of the safer products bought by the group work as well or better than traditional cleaners. Santa Monica, the Chicago Public School System, and others have repeated these results in controlled onsite evaluations. Products certified by Green Seal, a U.S. standard setting and environmental labeling organization, are required to pass stringent performance standards in addition to strict environmental and human health criteria. Health Conditions Associated with Traditional Cleaning Chemicals Asthma and other respiratory ailments Burns Cancer Dizziness Eye, nose, throat and skin irritation Fatigue Headaches Major organ damage Permanent eye damage Reproductive disorders   Many purchasing professionals and end users, however, recognize that any product change—whether from one traditional product to another or from a traditional product to a “green” product—might require some changes in the way products are used. Some cleaners, for example, work more effectively if they are sprayed directly on the surface being cleaned while others work better if they are sprayed on a cleaning cloth first. As a result, the purchasing criteria used by many government agencies include a preference for companies that provide on-site training in the proper use of their products. Many government agencies include a preference for companies that provide on-site training in the proper use of their products. Specifying Safer Cleaners Given the health, environmental, and financial benefits of safer cleaning products, their use is increasing rapidly. Until recently, it could be difficult to identify the safer products. Thanks to consensus-based criteria developed by a national work group of state and local government purchasers representing more than $15 million in annual cleaning product purchases and the work of many green cleaning advocates, finding green cleaning products is easier than ever. The nationwide work group, which was coordinated by the Center for a New American Dream and funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, included some of the early pioneers who first attempted to define and purchase safer cleaning products, including Massachusetts; Santa Monica, CA; King County, WA; Minnesota; and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The work group set out to identify standards that addressed toxicity; carcinogens and reproductive toxins; skin and eye irritation; skin sensitization; combustibility; smog, ozone, and indoor air quality; aquatic toxicity; eutrophication; aquatic biodegradability; concentrates; fragrances; and prohibited chemicals. The work group examined many existing standards and considered developing its own before deciding that Green Seal’s standard for environmentally preferable institutional cleaners (GS-37) met their needs. Because at the time Green Seal’s standard only covered general-purpose, bathroom, and glass cleaners, the work group extrapolated GS-37 to cover additional cleaners such as carpet cleaners, disinfectants, floor care, and hand soaps. Green Seal is currently expanding its standard to include many of these additional products, which will make it even easier for facilities to find them. The specification developed by the work group has already-been used successfully by Massachusetts; Santa Monica, CA; and Sarasota County, FL. Other governments are currently incorporating the specification into future solicitations. Given the success of the specification some purchasers are referencing the list of ” approved” products that has been developed based on products meeting the specification. Alameda County, CA, for example, recently requested products meeting the ” National Consensus-Based Standard (NCBS)” and referred bidders to the list of approved products. A copy of the consensus specification and a list of products known to meet it are available at www.govinfo.bz/ 4355-253. Other purchasers are further simplifying the bid evaluation process by requiring all products to demonstrate that they meet the requirements of the Green Seal GS-37 standard. This approach is working successfully for Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Missouri, Illinois, and others. With Green Seal’s new floor care standard under development, it will soon be even easier to specify a broad range of greener cleaning chemicals. Review Product Claims Carefully As more suppliers recognize the opportunities presented by the green cleaning market, purchasers need to carefully review all product claims. Use the following questions to assess environmental claims: Ask for a copy of the standard they are using. Does the meaning of the standard appear clear, consistent, and thorough? Does it clearly identify specific human health and environmental concerns? Does it specify detailed testing protocols to be used to determine the safety of the products being certified? How does it compare with other reputable standards? Ask about the standard setting process. Was the standard developed by an independent third-party or by the company? Who paid to have the standard developed? How many organizations were involved in its development? Was the public invited to participate and comment throughout the standard development process? Are copies of all stakeholder comments along with the standard-setting organization’s response to those comments publicly available? Ask about the verification process. What process must companies use to prove their products meet the standard? Are companies allowed to self-certify their products or are they required to use an independent third-party to determine if the products meet the standard? Does the verification process include just a review of product information or does it require an on-site visit by the certifying organization? Closing Thoughts It is a rare opportunity when it is possible to simultaneously remain fiscally responsible, protect the health of office workers, students, patients, and employees, and preserve the environment. Switching to safer cleaning chemicals provides just such an opportunity. The safer products are better for human health and the environment. They work just as effectively as traditional products and they do not cost any more. It has never been so easy to do the right thing and clearly demonstrate the value of the purchasing profession. Editor’s Note: Scot Case is the Director of Procurement Strategies at the Center for a New American Dream where he helps institutional purchasers buy less polluting products from less polluting companies. For additional information, visit www.govinfo.bz/ 4355-254

Disinfection Best Management Practices – Minnesota Technical Assistance Program

Using best management practices for disinfecting will help ensure that you are cleaning appropriately to kill the bugs—microbes—you need to kill. Because disinfectants are designed to kill, they are toxic. Most chemicals used as disinfectants are corrosive, irritants and potentially carcinogenic. With best management practices use only the amount of disinfectant necessary to do the job. Ultimately, best management practices protect patients, employees and the environment.

Right Level of Clean
Different levels of cleanliness are needed for different activities. Use the lowest cleaning level that meets your needs.

Surface Cleaning
General surface cleaning physically removes all visible dirt, organic matter and bacteria. It is normally accomplished with water, mechanical action like scrubbing, and detergents. Surface cleaning should always precede disinfecting and sterilizing. If organic matter is not first removed it can inactivate disinfectants. In many cases, general surface cleaning is the highest level of cleaning necessary.

Disinfecting
Disinfecting reduces the risk of infection from microbiological contamination. It is done to reduce the chance of infecting patients. Disinfecting is necessary for surfaces or equipment that will contact broken skin or mucous membranes. High-level disinfection is required for semi-invasive medical procedures like endoscopy. Lower levels of disinfection are used on surfaces in intensive care, surgery wards and kennels.

Sterilizing
Sterilizing almost completely eliminates or destroys bacteria and viruses. Objects are sterilized if they will enter a sterile area, such as a body cavity. Sterilization is accomplished with high heat and pressure, or toxic gases such as ethylene oxide.

Read the Label
Review the labels of your current disinfectants. Do these solutions match the profile of the microbes you need to kill? The labels of concentrated disinfectants also state the proper level of dilution for maximum effectiveness.

Antibacterial Soaps
Increasingly antibacterial chemicals such as triclosan are added to soaps, cleaners and other products. Limit the use of antibacterials. Widespread use of antibacterials has created concern about increasing bacterial resistance and pollution of drinking water.

Cleaning Procedures
Health care facilities, dental offices, veterinary clinics, schools, day-care centers and public buildings all use some form of disinfecting. Often cleaning procedures are not in place. When unwritten, cleaning procedures are passed on verbally or guessed at based on experience with other cleaning chemicals and potentially mistaken assumptions.

Many certification programs now require written procedures to ensure best management practices. Establish procedures based on current needs, equipment and disinfectants.

Writing a Procedure
Procedures need to include information on why cleaning is done, what products and tools should be used and how to use them. Consider the following information when writing a disinfection procedure.

Pre-clean. Conduct general surface cleaning to remove dirt and debris. This will remove many microorganisms and increase the effectiveness of the disinfectant.

Many products are one-step cleaner/disinfectants. These products are intended for use on relatively clean surfaces. If a surface is visibly dirty it should be pre-cleaned before a one-step cleaner/disinfectant is used. When using other disinfectants always pre-clean, even if a surface looks clean.

Evaluate the need to disinfect. Determine if a lower level of clean is sufficient. Does an item need to be disinfected or is surface cleaning sufficient? If the item only touches intact skin, then surface cleaning is sufficient.

Assess the level of disinfection. Know the target microbes you need to kill. Make a list of the specific targets like Mycobacterium or Parvo virus, and more-general targets like spores, bacilli or viruses. Items used in a semi-sterile area require different levels of disinfecting than hard surfaces such as patient furniture or instruments that come in contact with unbroken skin.

Select an ideal disinfectant. Chose a disinfectant that is highly effective and is the least toxic to employees and the environment. Disinfectants that act by oxidizing, such as hydrogen peroxide or peracetic acid, create fewer by-products than quaternary compounds or chlorine. This means less toxins reach the sewer.

Hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid are generally more effective against all types of microbes and are not easily inactivated by organic matter.

Ensure that the disinfectant used is compatible with the surface being cleaned. Improper use of chemicals and scrubbing can damage surfaces. For example, bleach can be corrosive to metal surfaces and scrubbing can remove some coatings. Floor finishes are sensitive to the pH of various chemicals. A cleaner or disinfectant with a pH that is too high or too low can strip the finish off the floor. Chemical damage is not reversible and can be costly to repair.

Dispensing. To protect workers from concentrated solutions, determine what equipment is necessary to ensure proper dilutions and easy use. Do not mix different disinfectants together or mix bleach with a disinfectant. Together they may create toxic gases, such as chlorine.

Use personal protective equipment, like goggles and gloves, for employee protection. To reduce waste, use washable towels or applicators.

Calibrate carefully. Calibrate dispensing equipment carefully and often—at least every time a new container of disinfectant is opened. When calibrating, check the equipment for leaks and malfunctions. Equipment can be calibrated with water instead of the chemical to prevent waste.

Measure accurately and use proper dilution. Measure concentrates before adding them to the dilution tank. All disinfectants have a concentration that maximizes their ability to disinfect. Adding extra does not help. More-concentrated disinfectants do not necessarily react more quickly or effectively. In fact, they increase the likelihood of injury, damage to equipment, and contaminating drinking water sources, and they increase material cost. Follow manufacturer directions for the lowest concentration of disinfectant to achieve the highest level of antimicrobial activity.

Label containers. Once the concentrate is diluted to the proper level label the container with the name, date and initials of who diluted the solution to track its expiration/out date. Check the manufacturer’s instructions for an out date.

Allow time for disinfectants to react. Follow label directions carefully. They provide information on proper dilution ratios, time required on surface to be cleaned and application methods.

Reduce volume. Use the smallest possible amount of disinfectant to obtain the desired level of microbial control. This practice reduces the potential for a microorganism to build resistance to a specific chemical and it reduces waste. Mix only the amount needed, do not mix a gallon if you only need a quart.

Staff training. Train staff and clearly post the procedure for disinfectant use at the dispensing station. Ensure staff have access to, and use adequate personal protective equipment. Check the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for the suggested personal protective equipment.

Storage. Keep containers closed when not in use. Store disinfectants in original containers, on low shelves. Check containers regularly for breaks, leaks, rust or other corrosion. If a break or leak occurs, transfer the product into another container with the same labeling.

Cleaning businesses can prosper by using environmental management principles

By Dr. Michael Berry

Health risks have increased as we have tightened buildings to conserve energy,

used more and more chemical-based products, and increased the time we spend indoors.

Many of us are concerned about being exposed to biological agents and to particulate

matter, especially tobacco smoke, asbestos, and organic compounds. And these concerns

will grow in the years ahead as our society becomes better educated about environmental

exposures.

The professional cleaning industry already does much to reduce health risks indoors and

should take credit for this work. At the same time, we should strive to improve the

environmental protection services we offer. To face these contemporary issues better, those of us who specialize in cleaning, restoring, and managing indoor environments need information that will put our work in the context of up-to-date practices in environmental management and protection. Cleaning businesses can grow and prosper by using state-of-the-art environmental management principles.

To grow in an environmentally conscious world, those of us in the cleaning industry must begin to view ourselves as managers of the microenvironment. To do that, we will have to learn about environmental management practices. In fact, the environmental management profession has much to offer us.

This profession has evolved into one of the most important professions today. Along with other professionals, such as lawyers and doctors, environmental managers are called on to address problems of health protection and social well-being. For example, the public is keenly interested in the quality of the environment. Our world is plagued by oil spills, air pollution disasters, drinking water contamination, and chemical poisoning. We see the human population growing and producing mountains of waste at the same time that we witness shrinking forests, wetlands, and wilderness.

As a result of all this and more, we face serious environmental consequences: climate changes, poor air quality, and the loss of thousands of species of plants, insects, birds, and mammals. In addition to environmental challenges outdoors, we are more and more aware of human problems such as safety issues in the home and workplace. Environmental managers are the ones society turns to for help. They assess the condition of the environment, predict consequences, and develop new ways to protect and enhance the quality of our lives. Recently, those of us who provide for the quality of life indoors are coming to be as important as those who do so outdoors.

To manage the built environment successfully, the cleaning industry needs to be open to what we can learn from several basic sciences: biology, chemistry, economics, and human physiology. Management is the process of organizing and applying this knowledge to make predictions and bring about changes, especially improvements. At the heart of the management process is the process of learning. It is always ongoing; if effective, it will continually produce different and better results…

All public health and environmental protection programs have one thing in common: They are designed to protect humans from unwanted exposure to unsafe substances in the environment. We do not often think about how cleaning can change the environment. It can, however. Properly done, cleaning protects us from unwanted exposures.

Excerpted (and condensed) with permission from the book, Protecting the Built Environment: Cleaning for Health, by Dr. Michael Berry.

Safety Training Manual for bloodborne pathogens?

Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. Workers in many occupations, including first aid team members, housekeeping personnel in some industries, nurses and other healthcare personnel may be at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

What can be done to control exposure to bloodborne pathogens?

In order to reduce or eliminate the hazards of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, an employer must implement an exposure control plan for the worksite with details on employee protection measures. The plan must also describe how an employer will use a combination of engineering and work practice controls, ensure the use of personal protective clothing and equipment, provide training , medical surveillance, hepatitis B vaccinations, and signs and labels, among other provisions. Engineering controls are the primary means of eliminating or minimizing employee exposure and include the use of safer medical devices, such as needleless devices, shielded needle devices, and plastic capillary tubes.

OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms present in blood that can

cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B

virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the

virus that causes AIDS. Workers exposed to bloodborne pathogens are at risk for

serious or life-threatening illnesses.

Protections Provided by OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

All of the requirements of OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens standard can be found in Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations at 29 CFR 1910.1030. The standard’s requirements state what employers must do to protect workers who are occupationally exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM), as defined in the standard. That is, the standard protects workers who can reasonably be anticipated to come into contact with blood or OPIM as a result of doing their job duties.

In general, the standard requires employers to:

• Establish an exposure control plan. This is a written plan to eliminate or minimize occupational exposures. The employer must prepare an exposure determination that contains a list of job classifications in which all workers have occupational exposure and a list of job classifications in which some workers have occupational exposure, along with a list of the tasks and procedures performed by those workers that result in their exposure.
• Employers must update the plan annually to reflect changes in tasks, procedures, and positions that affect occupational exposure, and also technological changes that eliminate or reduce occupational exposure. In addition, employers must annually document in the plan that they have considered and begun using appropriate, commercially-available effective safer medical devices designed to eliminate or minimize occupational exposure. Employers must also document that they have solicited input from frontline workers in identifying, evaluating, and selecting effective engineering and work practice controls.
• Implement the use of universal precautions (treating all human blood and OPIM as if known to be infectious for bloodborne pathogens).
• Identify and use engineering controls. These are devices that isolate or remove the blood-borne pathogens hazard from the workplace. They include sharps disposal containers, self-sheathing needles, and safer medical devices, such as sharps with engineered sharps-injury protection and needleless systems.

 

• Identify and ensure the use of work practice controls. These are practices that reduce the possibility of exposure by changing the way a task is performed, such as appropriate practices for handling and disposing of contaminated sharps, handling specimens, handling laundry, and cleaning contaminated surfaces and items.
• Provide personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, gowns, eye protection, and masks. Employers must clean, repair, and replace this equipment as needed. Provision, maintenance, repair and replacement are at no cost to the worker.
• Make available hepatitis B vaccinations to all workers with occupational exposure. This vaccination must be offered after the worker has received the required bloodborne pathogens training and within 10 days of initial assignment to a job with occupational exposure.
• Make available post-exposure evaluation and follow-up to any occupationally exposed worker who experiences an exposure incident. An exposure incident is a specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or OPIM. This evaluation and follow-up must be at no cost to the worker and includes documenting the route(s) of exposure and the circumstances under which the exposure incident occurred; identifying and testing the source individual for HBV and HIV infectivity, if the source individual consents or the law does not require consent; collecting and testing the exposed worker’s blood, if the worker consents; offering post-exposure prophylaxis; offering counseling; and evaluating reported illnesses. The healthcare professional will provide a limited written opinion to the employer and all diagnoses must remain confidential.

 

• Use labels and signs to communicate hazards. Warning labels must be affixed to containers of regulated waste; containers of contaminated reusable sharps; refrigerators and freezers containing blood or OPIM; other containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or OPIM; contaminated equipment that is being shipped or serviced; and bags or containers of contaminated laundry, except as provided in the standard. Facilities may use red bags or red containers instead of labels. In HIV and HBV research laboratories and production facilities, signs must be posted at all access doors when OPIM or infected animals are present in the work area or containment module.

 

• Provide information and training to workers. Employers must ensure that their workers receive regular training that covers all elements of the standard including, but not limited to: information on bloodborne pathogens and diseases, methods used to control occupational exposure, hepatitis B vaccine, and medical evaluation and post-exposure follow-up procedures.

Employers must offer this training on initial assignment, at least annually thereafter, and when new or modified tasks or procedures affect a worker’s occupational exposure. Also, HIV and HBV laboratory and production facility workers must receive specialized initial training, in addition to the training provided to all workers with occupational exposure.

Workers must have the opportunity to ask the trainer questions. Also, training must be presented at an educational level and in a language that workers understand.

• Maintain worker medical and training records. The employer also must maintain a sharps injury log, unless it is exempt under Part 1904 -Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

For more information, go to OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick Prevention Safety and Health Topics web page at:

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/bloodbornepathogens/index.html.

To file a complaint by phone, report an emergency, or get OSHA advice, assistance, or products, contact your nearest OSHA office under the “U.S. Department of Labor” listing in your phone book, or call us toll-free at (800) 321-OSHA (6742).

This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies or standards. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list of compliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations, refer to Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations. This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. The voice phone is (202) 693-1999; the teletypewriter (TTY) number is (877) 889-5627.

For assistance, contact us. We can help. It’s confidential.

Occupational Safety

and Health Administration

www.osha.gov 1-800-321-6742

DSG 1/2011

Green Cleaning

If you plan to offer green cleaning, then the best booklet to follow is published by the Green Seal organization entitle Cleaning Procedures and Products. This booklet shows you how to set up a Green Seal compliant cleaning program.

You can download and print out this booklet to use as your compliance guide as well as showing customers how your green cleaning program is set up and based on recognized standards.

http://www.greenseal.org/Portals/0/Documents/IG/PHA%20Manuals/Chapter1_Green_Building_OM_Manual_PHA.pdf

Tab Management